In November 1980, two Leach’s Storm Petrels of the typical subspecies (Oceanodroma
leucorhoa leucorhoa) were discovered on Rabbit Island, Chatham Islands (44″14′ S, 176″16′ W), engaged in prebreeding activity. They were captured, examined, photographed, banded and released. The flight calling of one was recorded on tape. Their nocturnal activitv continued until observations ceased. A subsequent check indicated that no chick was reared. Possibly they were of the same sex, and possibly there were only two. This is the first record of prospecting for nest sites in the Southern Hemisphere by this strictly Northern Hemisphere breeding species.
The food and feeding behaviour of the Southern Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus australis) were studied on the Ashburton lakes (South Island, New Zealand) in 1979 and 1980. Of 47 food items eaten on the surface by adults, 55.5% were fish, 31.9% were insects and 12.6% were plants. Chicks in their first week ate mainly fish under 55 mm long. Both adults and chicks ate feathers. One pellet contained feather, fish, insect,
plznt and egg remains. Dives lasted on average 20-30 seconds. Feeding success of adults was high while they were feeding chicks. The New Zealand and European subspecies are compared. Differences suggest that much less food is available in New
Zealand, which may affect productivity and population size.
Diurnal roosts of Black-billed gulls (Larus bulleri) were found at 37% of inland foraging sites during the breeding season. Roosts were most common and commuting between colony and foraging groups least common far (>5 km) from the colony. Selective use of roosts far from the colony is energetically efficient and may help to maintain local population densities at levels sufficient to permit efficient search for food by means of local enhancement.
Black-winged Petrels (Pterodroma nigripennis) seen since 1959 in the Tasman Sea and between 1970 and 1979 in the South-west Pacific are charted to show their distribution in the region. They are absent from the end of June to the end of October. The limited information on their breeding islands is reviewed and is amplified whenever
possible by unpublished data
The breeding of the South Island Fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa fuliginosa) was studied at Kowhai Bush, Kaikoura, for three breeding seasons from 1976 to 1978. Although 372 birds (nestlings and adults) were banded, few were seen again and very few bred in the study area. Breeding occurred from August to February. Some pairs raised three broods but attempted up to five if failures occurred. Details are given of nests, nest building, egg laying, clutch size, incubation, hatching and fledging success, and juveniles. Both sexes shared nest building, incubation, brooding, feeding nestlings and feeding juveniles, although the division of labour was sometimes unequal. Some aspects of behaviour differed slightly from that of the North Island subspecies. Females bred at one year old, but males could breed within one or two months of fledging when paired with an adult. A seemingly unpaired female successfully raised a brood of three young. Juveniles from one family group sometimes joined another family group and were accepted and fed by the foster parents. Black pairs produced young in the ratio of three black to one pied, and black x pied matings produced approximately equal numbers of black and pied young. Pied pairs produced 97.8% pied and 2.2% black young, which conflicts with the model previously proposed for the genetics of melanism in the Fantail.
The size of the sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) population at the Snares Islands was estimated by counting burrows in the main vegetation types. Some 3,287,000 burrows were calculated for Main Island, the highest densities being 1.9/m2 in Poa meadows, with 1.2/m2 under the trees of the Olearia forest. Most burrows were occupied but data on rates of occupation by breeding birds were not satisfactory. Assuming a 75% occupancy rate. we get a total population of about 2,750,000 burrow-holding pairs on the 328 ha of the two largest islands.