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Data on the distribution of the New Zealand falcon were collected from all likely sources and from field studies in five areas. The known status of the falcon is given and is summarised in two distribution maps. The entire population is estimated using known densities in study areas. About 3100–3200 pairs of “eastern falcons,” 450–850 pairs of “bush falcons” and 140–280 pairs of “southern falcons ” (total about 3700–4350 pairs) may exist. Probably 3000–4500 pairs is a realistic estimate of the falcon population; 2000 pairs at the least.